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Resources
"RESOURCE OF THE MONTH"
TOURISM RELATED WEBSITES
Earth Summit 2002Tourism has demonstrated its potential for creating jobs and encouraging income-generating activities to benefit local communities in destination areas. The tourism sector definitely provides various entry points for women's employment and opportunities for creating self-employment in small and medium sized income generating activities, thus creating paths towards the elimination of poverty of women and local communities in developing countries. However, there are a number of conditions under which this potential can be used more effectively. Editor: Minu Hemmati, UNED-UK Project Co-ordinator http://www.earthsummit2002.org/toolkits/women/current/gendertourismrep.htm
Gender Images in State Tourism Brochures: An Overlooked Area in Socially Responsible Tourism Marketing Ercan Sirakaya, Sevil Sonmez http://jtr.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/38/4/353
IUCN
Worldwide,
tourism is a particularly important sector for women, who make up to
... in tourism. Horizontally, women and men are placed in
different ...
The Political
Economy of Tourism Liberalization, Gender and the GATS This paper gives a comprehensive background on the political economy of tourism in countries of the North and the South, both in a historic and a current context. It first highlights some of the contradictory aspects of ‘tourism development’ and economic development from a historical perspective. The second section examines tourism and development from the perspective of social and gender equity. Then the paper examines the impacts of tourism liberalization, with a particular focus on the implications of the major instrument of liberalization in the tourism sector, the GATS. This paper was released as the second paper in the Center of Concern and International Gender and Trade Network Occasional Paper Series on Gender, Development and Trade. http://www.genderandtrade.net/GATS/GATSTourismArticle.pdf
The Politics of Tourism and Gender The issue of tourism, tourism development and gender equality is multi-dimensional. It. ranges from the low profile and persistent ... Economy of Tourism liberalization, Gender and the GATS www.igtn.org/pdfs/37_GATStourism.pdf
Tourism and Women: lessons from Kovalam, India. http://www.thrani.com/pdf/tour.pdf#search=%22tourism%20and%20women%22
Tourist satisfaction: A view from a mixed international guided ...
Leontido, L. (1994)
'Gender Dimensions of Tourism in
Greece:
... in Kinnaird, V. and Hall, D. (eds) Tourism: A Gender Analysis, pp. 74–104.
...
Women as Producers and Consumers of Tourism in Developing Regions The premises of this unique collection of research are that women's roles in tourism are gendered, just as are their other roles in gendered societies; that tourism affects women differently than it affects men; and that women themselves are affected in different ways by tourism depending on such factors as race, region, and class (leisured consumer vs. working producer, or guest vs. host). The contributors cover theoretical perspectives, including those provided by feminists and economic development analysts; women's roles in tourism in the mature industries of the Caribbean, Southeast Asia, and the South Pacific; women's roles in the less-developed tourist destinations of the Middle East, Latin America, Africa, and eastern Europe; and implications for the future of economic development policy and of gender relations in tourism http://www.greenwood.com/catalog/C6397.aspx
NON-TOURISM RELATED WEBSITES
Association for Women’s Rights in Development In 1982, toward the end of the UN Decade for Women, 26 people from North American development agencies, agricultural universities and community organizations gathered to discuss the role of women as agents and beneficiaries of the development process. They founded AWID, a professional association where people concerned with women in development could dialogue across sectors and improve their effectiveness as professionals in this new field. Over time, the vision of AWID members has expanded, from the initial goal of integrating women into development practices to include transforming the process of development itself in order to make a better world for women. AWID's scope of analysis and action has likewise broadened to include women's human rights, in addition to the organization's historic focus on sustainable development and gender equality. AWID today is an organization of more than 5000 women and men. Nine International Forums have helped to foster a community with common goals and diverse strategies. From its Toronto headquarters, AWID is working to continuously improve and internationalize its programs and services to serve the needs of this growing community.
Development Gateway According to the UN Statistics Division, in 2000, two-thirds of the world's 876 million illiterates were females, and the number of illiterates was not expected to decrease significantly over the next two decades. Many successful literacy programs are experimenting with creative ways in which tradition and cultural expression can be utilized to strengthen literacy programs for women and girls. Better yet, culture often forms the very foundations of those programs. Such efforts range from utilizing poetry and other oral traditions in Yemen, to tying literacy to everyday traditional skills, such as making the famous chicha, a corn drink, in Peru. http://www.developmentgateway.org/node/130613/
Empowering poor rural women and men in developing countries to achieve higher incomes and improved food security.
Empowering Women, Boosting
Economies
http://topics.developmentgateway.org/businessenvironment/rc/ItemDetail.do?itemId=1077478
Gatnet Gender and Transport Community (Discussion group) www.dgroups.org/groups/worldbank/gatnet
GATSFor more information on GATS issues, visit the International Gender and Trade Network (IGTN) website at http://www.genderandtrade.net/EconoLit/Literacy.html :
Gender and Sustainable Development: Case Studies from NCCR North-South. Edited by Premchander and Muller.
Gender Equality as Smart
Economics: A World Bank Gender Action Plan
Global Fund for Women
Investing in Women Campaign.
Anuradha Bhattacharjee http://topics.developmentgateway.org/glocalization/rc/ItemDetail.do?itemId=1070663
Gender in East Asia and Pacific The World Bank has been increasingly incorporating gender in its analytical work, and developing separate diagnostic pieces on gender in the region. Diagnostic Work, Country Gender Assessments, Gender Mainstreaming in Analytical Work, Analytical Work on Gender Issues, Mainstreaming in Operations, Gender Stand Alone Projects http://web.worldbank.org (and enter Gender in East Asia and Pacific in search)http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/EASTASIAPACIFICEXT/EXTEAPREGTOPSOCDEV/0,, contentMDK:20327365~menuPK:502969~pagePK:34004173~piPK:34003707~theSitePK:502940,00.html
Integrating Gender into World Bank Financed Transport Programs, IC NET 2004 www.dgroups.org/groups/worldbank/gatnet/docs/TAG1_final.pdf
International Gender and Trade Network (IGTN) http://www.genderandtrade.net/EconoLit/Literacy.html
Rural Women's Crafts Reaching Global Markets (Women's ENews)
From Southeast Asia to Central
America, projects that are helping women gain economic control of their work and
also enabling them to perpetuate their traditional crafts are increasing in
numbers and visibility....
SNV Gender Reference Guide: This Gender Reference Guide is meant to provide SNV and its partner organisations with practical tools and background information to strive for gender equality in their policy, activities and organisation. http://www.snvworld.org/cds/rgGEN/introduction.htm
SNV Manual for Gender Self Assessment: http://www.snvworld.org/cds/rgGsa/GSA/Engels/Printversie.doc
Toolkit on Gender Transport and Matrnal Mortality, by Margaret Grieco and Jeff Turner, 2005 www.people.cornell.edu/pages/mg294/maternalmortality.html
World Association of Women Entrepreneurs http://www.fcem.org/www/en/home.asp
World Bank: Gender Action
Plan http://topics.developmentgateway.org/businessenvironment/rc/ItemDetail.do?itemId=1077480
Women’s Funding Network Founded in 1985, the Women's Funding Network (WFN) is an international organization with over 100 member funds (and 20 associate members) that are committed to improving the status of women and girls locally, nationally and globally. As a worldwide partnership of women's funds, donors, and allies committed to social justice, the Women's Funding Network seeks to ensure that women's funds are recognized as the "investment of choice" for people who value the full participation of women and girls as key to strong, equitable, and sustainable communities and societies.
Women's Learning Partnership -
Leading To Choices Manuals
Women's Learning Partnership -
Programs
WomenWatch WomenWatch is the central gateway to information and resources on the promotion of gender equality and the empowerment of women throughout the United Nations system, including the United Nations Secretariat, regional commissions, funds, programmes, specialized agencies and academic and research institutions. WomenWatch gives direct access to all websites of members of the interagency network. United Nations Development Fund for Women: http://www.unifem.org/attachments/stories/AAG_WomenPovertyEconomics.pdf
TOURISM RELATED BOOKS
Aitchison, C. (2003) Gender and Leisure
Aitchison, C., MacLeod, N.E. and Shaw, S.J. (2001) Leisure and Tourism Landscapes: Social and Cultural Geographies
Apostolopoulos, Y., Sonmez, S. and Timothy, D.J. (eds) (2001) Women as Producers and Consumers of Tourism in Developing Regions. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers Tourism has become the world's largest industry. Tourism's impact has been decidedly mixed. Nowhere is this more visible than in the context of women's roles in tourism. The contributors demonstrate the many ways in which gender determines the roles they play as both tourists and providers of tourism as product and service. The premises of this collection of research are that women's roles in tourism are gendered, just as are their other roles in societies are. Tourism affects women differently than it affects men, and women themselves are affected in different ways by tourism depending on such factors as race, region, and class (leisured consumer vs. working producer, or guest vs. host). The contributors cover theoretical perspectives, women's roles in tourism and implications for the future of economic development policy and of gender relations in tourism. ISBN: 0-275-9639-7
Caroline Ashley, Harold Goodwin, Dilys Roe (2001) Pro-Poor Tourism Strategies, Expanding opportunities for the poor
Caroline Ashley, Harold Goodwin, Dilys Roe (2000) Pro-Poor Tourism: putting poverty at the heart of tourism
Clift, S. 2000. "Tourism and the sexual ecology of gay men" Tourism and Sex: culture, commerce and coercion London: Pinter
Foley, M. 2000. Leisure, tourism and environment: participation, perceptions and preferences Eastbourne: Leisure Studies Association
Gupta, V.; Shah, K. (1999) Tourism in the Himalayas. Seizing the opportunity in gender and tourism: Women's employment and participation in tourism. United Nations Environment and Development Committee (UNED) This paper has tried to examine and analyse existing case studies from Nepal and the mountain regions of Himachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh in India to document and draw lessons from the various initiatives and actions that form a part of the ongoing process. The paper focuses on community initiatives and enterprise by local residents to use the opportunity presented by boom in tourism to their advantage and on development projects by external agencies that have helped them in this endeavour. With a paragraph about gender Issues, and lessons learned and pointers for the future. http://www.mtnforum.org/resources/library/guptx99a.htm
Kinnaird, V. (1994) Tourism: gender perspectives Chichester: John Wiley & Sons Ltd,
Lim, N. Z. (Editor) (1993) Contribution of Women in Cultural Tourism: universal tourism enriching or degrading culture? Proceedings on the International Conference on Cultural Tourism, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, 24-26 November 1992 Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press, 1993, p. 81-107 (Conference paper) (Book chapter)
Mackie, V. (1992) Japan and South-east Asia: the international division of labour and leisure Tourism and the less developed countries. London: Belhaven Press.
Patterson, T. (2003) The political ecology of tourism in the commonwealth of Dominica "Tourism and development in tropical islands: political ecology perspectives" Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd,
Ritchie, B.W., Burns, P. and Palmer, C. (2005) Tourism Research Methods: Integrating Theory with Practice
Sinclair, T. (1997) Gender Work and Tourism, , Published: Routledge UK This book provides an insightful discussion of the ways in which tourism creates tensions between the attitude and conduct of tourists and the beliefs and behaviour of local women. By studying a range of destinations across the globe, it demonstrates how women's work in the world's third largest industry is associated with ideologies of gender and social sexuality. This book can be ordered online from amazon.com from the following url: http://books.google.com/books?id=_BzVXk9Ae0kC&dq=Tourism+and+gender http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0415109868/qid=932568166/sr=1-2/002-1060514-8742442
Smith, M. (2003) The ethics of tourism development London: Routledge
Swain and Momsen (Eds) "Gender/Tourism/Fun"
Trabajo de la mujer, turismo rural y percepcion del entorno: una comparacion entre Cataluna y Galicia Garcia-Ramon, M. D. (1995) Female labour, rural tourism and perceptions of the environment: a comparison between Catalonia and Galicia. Agricultura y Sociedad. v. 75 p. 115-152
United Nations Publications (2003) Poverty through Sustainable Tourism Development
Want, P. (2002) Trouble in paradise: homophobia and resistance to gay tourism "Gay tourism: culture, identity and sex" London: Continuum
William C. (EDT) Gartner, David W. Lime (2000) Trends in Outdoor Recreation, Leisure and Tourism
NON-TOURISM RELATED BOOKS
Mayoux, L. (2003) Enterprise Development Impact Assessment Information Service (EDIAIS); Can value chain analysis improve impact assessment of enterprise development?
TOURISM RELATED PUBLICATIONS
Bonilla Moya, Marieloz. Empowerment for leisure in a rural women's tourism co-operative. A case study in Monteverde, Costa Rica This case study investigates how participation in a tourism handicraft co-operative empowers women to experience leisure facing changes in traditional gender roles. Findings show that participation itself was the main leisure activity and provides empowerment to enhance other leisure practices. The women found motivation in being in a group that offers opportunities for learning, making friends, having an occupation and making crafts. The income increased their choice to go out enhancing autonomy to travel alone, with families and the acquisition of leisure materials and services. The women have developed abilities and possibilities to have more equity relationships in the households and holistic autonomy to approach leisure. One of the most valuable tools acquired has been self-confidence (personal decisions) that encourages self-expression (household’s decisions). However, the extent of empowerment was questioned by constraints and even though positive changes have occurred, they still face a struggle. www.ocio.deusto.es/formacion/ocio21/pdf/P08266.pdf
Geoforum, P. Jamaican tourism and the politics of enjoyment Kingsbury, v. 36 no. 1 2005 p. 113-132
Hemmati, Mina (ed.) Gender & tourism. Women's employment and participation in tourism. Summary of UNED-UK's Project Report, 1999. This summary of UNED-UK's project report is seeking to give an overview of it's contents, draw conclusions and develop recommendations for stakeholders. The summary is focusing on major issues, which the chapters of the report are touching upon. The observations reported throughout the report were used to formulate recommendations for all stakeholders, making suggestions, which will help to maximise the benefits of tourism development for local communities and for women, in particular and should be viewed as starting points for further discussion among stakeholders. http://www.earthsummit2002.org/toolkits/women/current/gendertourismrep.htm
Leisure and tourism: social and environmental change. Papers from the World Leisure and Recreation Association Congress, Sydney, Australia, 16-19 July 1991.
Lindfield: Centre for Leisure and Tourism Studies, 1993, xiv + 708 pp. (Conference proceedings)
Munt, Ian Eco-tourism or ego-tourism? Race and Class v. 36 July / September 1994 p. 49-60
Rao, N. Women and tourism in Kerala ANLetter v. 5 no. 3 1997 p. 31-33
SNV Lao PDR Gender Assessment and Strategic Action Plan of the Tourism Sector in Lao PDR, Volume I, September 2005 (www.snv.org.la)
SNV Lao PDR Status Report, Gender assessment of the Tourism Sector of Lao PDR, Volume II, Results of a Participatory Gender Assessment, September 2005. (www.snv.org.la)
The Earthscan reader in sustainable tourism London: Earthscan Publications Ltd, 1997 The first Manual for entrepreneurs in rural tourism has been completed for the Andalusian Women's Institute. Acaba de finalizarse el primer Manual de emprendedoras en turismo rural para el Instituto Andaluz de la Mujer Natour (11), 1992, p. 36-39
Third World Women’s Health Prostitution & Sex Tourism Short article prostitution and sex tourism: definitions; who is affected; how does this affect health; why do Prostitution & Sex Tourism affect Third World Women more than others?; how can the problems be solved; and, what is being done right now about Prostitution & Sex Tourism? http://www.arches.uga.edu/~haneydaw/twwh/traf.html
Women's rural tourism cooperatives in Greece. Las cooperativas de mujeres de turismo rural en Grecia Lores, C. Georgica no. 3 1994 p. 77-82
NON-TOURISM RELATED PUBLICATIONS
Culture-specific adaptations of Leading to Choices: A Leadership Training Handbook for Women are currently available in: English, Maghreby-Arabic, Shamy-Arabic, Assamese, French, Hausa, Malay, Meiteilon, Persian, Russian, Shona, Spanish, Swahili, and...Contributed by Anuradha Bhattacharjee on 19 Aug, 2006
Springer, Bevan. Empowering the fourth estate. New York Amsterdam News 5/22/2003 v. 94 no. 21 p. 14
NON-TOURISM RELATED DOCUMENTS
Engendering the MDGs on Health 2003 - Materials from the Department of Gender and Women’s Health WHO 2003 highlighting the importance of address.
En Route to Equality: a gender review of national MDG reports - 2005 - 'En Route to Equality' is a review of national MDG reports through a gender lens commissioned by the UNDP Bureau for Development Policy. It highlights positive trends and examples of effective gender mainstreaming, while flagging continuing areas of concern. www.undp.org/gender/docs/en-rout-to-equality.pdf
Gender
Equality and the MDGs - The United Nations
Inter-Agency
Gender Equality Beyond 2005: Building a More Secure Future - Backgrounder - The year 2005 is critical for energizing efforts to put gender equality at the top of the international peace and development agenda. In recognition of this pivotal year, the theme for International Women's Day 8 March 2005 is Gender Equality Beyond 2005: Building a More Secure Future. The theme emphasizes that a renewed focus on gender equality is a practical investment strategies to achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) by 2015. http://www.un.org/events/women/iwd/2005/feb%20womens.pdf
MDGender Net - This site is a collaborative effort of the UN Inter-Agency Network on Women and Gender Equality, the OECD/DAC Network on Gender Equality, and the Multilateral Development Bank Working Group on Gender which seeks to promote gender equality and the empowerment of women in the work of multilateral development banks and international financial institutions.
Pathway to Gender Equality CEDAW, Beijing and the MDGs - Advancement of women's right to gender equality is critically necessary for progress of MDGs. MDGs should be treated not as a new agenda but as a new vehicle for the CEDAW and Beijing implementation. A publication by UNIFEM. www.unifem.org/index.php?f_page_pid=216
Progress of the World’s Women 2002 Gender Equality and MDGs - This report by UNIFEM presents data and analysis relating to Goal 3--promoting gender equality and empowering women. www.unifem.org/index.php?f_page_pid=10
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